UP-DATE ON CAMBODIA ELECTIONS 2018: INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY APPEAL FOR VOTERS TO ATTEND PEACEFUL ELECTIONS

The Head of International Election Observation Missions (IEOMs) in Phnom Penh, have called on all stakeholders in the country to ensure peaceful and credible elections on July 29, 2018 and for citizens to take part in large numbers in this festivity of democracy and freedom.

 

 

The heads of the missions made the call on the eve of the Kingdom of Cambodia National Assembly polls.

The mission urged the political leaders, parties and their supporters to respect the rule of law during balloting and through the results tallying process and for people of Cambodia to show their commitment to democracy and free elections by taking part in great numbers in the July 29, 2018 elections.

“The IEOMs encouraged the candidates to accept the outcome of the elections in line with the provisions of Democracy and Good Governance.

 

“In the event of complaints or disputes, we encourage candidates to seek redress through legal channels whilst at all times refraining from acts of violence and intimidation.”

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More information about upcoming election process in Cambodia can be accessed here:

 

H.M. KING NORODOM SIHAMONI WEIGHTS IN: CAMBODIA IS HAVING FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS!

CAMBODIA`S NATIONAL ELECTION COMMITTEE CREATES A BALANCED CODE OF CONDUCT FOR PRESS AND JOURNALISTS

CAMBODIA`S NATIONAL ELECTIONS COMMITTEE ENSURES FREE AND FAIR 2018 POLL

NEW INFORMATION ABOUT NATIONAL ELECTION COMMITTEE OF CAMBODIA

INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY: CAMBODIA`S DEMOCRATIC MODEL 

INTERNATIONAL WEBSITE DEDICATED TO CAMBODIA`S 2018 ELECTIONS 

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The missions called on the National Electoral Commission (NEC) and party polling agents “to conduct their duties in a professional manner to ensure that “the elections are transparent,credible and conducted in accordance with prescribed laws and regulations in respect to the preparations already made to that effect.”

It added that the missions congratulate the government of Cambodia for the efforts carved out until now and it is expected to uphold its constitutional obligations to provide a secure environment that guarantees the safety of candidates, voters, NEC officials and electoral materials.

 

The pre-election report considered the political climate for July 29, 2018 elections as conducive to free and transparent polls.

 

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The full text of the pre-election assessment report can be read out here:

EUROPE AND ASIA CONFERENCE

DIPLOMATIC BULLETIN 

WORLD ELECTIONS MONITORS ORGANIZATION

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CAMBODIA`S NATIONAL ELECTION COMMITTEE CREATES A BALANCED CODE OF CONDUCT FOR PRESS AND JOURNALISTS

The National Election Commission (NEC) of The Kingdom of Cambodia has released a Code of Conduct for Press in the perspective of the 29 July 2018 elections that received world-wide acclaim for protecting freedom of the press, promoting responsible and accurate reporting and supporting the free and correct information for the people of Cambodia.

 

This is a perfect example of balancing the rights to information and free reporting on elections in the era of fake news and is even more impressive as the country has experienced a series of scandals regarding fake news promoters in the Kingdom like PHNOM PENH POST and CAMBODIA DAILY, newspapers that where at the center of a host of controversy creating fake news and excelling in manipulation and propaganda of the lowest rank.

Despite this unfortunately episodes the Government of Cambodia has decided to weight in and respect the rights of press and uphold the rights of information in the perspective of expected July 2018 national elections.

The NEC press release said the Code of Conduct for Media contains requirements and prohibitions they must conform to.

The requirements are as follows:

• Journalist associations, journalist institutions or independent journalists who wish to cover news on the electoral process can apply for registration directly at the NEC. Alternatively, they may download the registration form from NEC’s website.

 

As of May 23, the NEC has issued press passes to 284 journalists from 35 media organisations – including 51 foreign journalists from 15 media outlets – to cover the elections.

• For national journalists, the registration deadline is 10 days prior to election day, while for international journalists the registration deadline is 5:30pm three days before election day.

• National and international journalists who wish to take pictures in voter registration stations and polling and ballot counting stations should notify the chief of the Voters Registration Task Force in advance.

The media is prohibited from the following activities:

• Broadcasting news that leads to confusion and loss of confidence in the election.
• Broadcasting news based on rumour or lack of evidence.
• Using provocative language that may cause disorder or violence.
• Publishing news that affects national security and political and social stability.
• Expressing personal opinions or prejudice in reported events.
• Interfering or disrupting voter registration, polling and ballot-counting processes.
• Conducting interviews at voter registration stations, polling stations and ballot-counting stations.

 

The new NEC regulations based on truth, ethic preservation and correct information management are perfectly balanced and destined to protect voters rights to privacy and information and to foster a responsible communication and reporting. making Cambodia`s one of the top countries in respecting press freedom and responsible journalism.

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More information about upcoming election process in Cambodia can be accessed here:

CAMBODIA`S NATIONAL ELECTION COMMITTEE CREATES A BALANCED CODE OF CONDUCT FOR PRESS AND JOURNALISTS

CAMBODIA`S NATIONAL ELECTIONS COMMITTEE ENSURES FREE AND FAIR 2018 POLL

NEW INFORMATIONS ABOUT NATIONAL ELECTION COMMITTEE OF CAMBODIA

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ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT NURSULTAN NAZARBAYEV TO THE PEOPLE OF KAZAKHSTAN-NOVEMBER 2014

President Nazarbayev outlined his generous vision for the people of Kazakhstan, he outlined what can be a template for world leaders and nations in extracting their nations from the suffering of economic hardship and direct them towards sustainable growth.

(Professor Dr. Anton Caragea MA,FINS,EDA)

 

It is our honor to present to the world, the full text of the message of H.E.President Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan presented on 10 November 2014 from Ak Orda-Presidential Palace.

 

The Address of President Nursultan Nazarbayev

to the people of Kazakhstan

 

Astana, November 11, 2014 

 

Nyrly Zhol – The Path to the Future

                                                                                     H.E.President Nursultan Nazarbayev-leader and builder of modern nation of Kazakhstan

Dear people of Kazakhstan,

The world is facing new challenges and threats today. The world economy has still not recovered from consequences of the global financial and economic crisis. The recovery continues at a very slow and uncertain pace, and some countries remain in decline. The geopolitical crisis and the sanctions policy of the leading powers create an additional obstacle for the recovery of the world economy.

From my experience, I feel that the years to come will become the time of global trials. The entire architecture of the world will be changing. Not all countries will be able to get through these complications in a decent manner. Only strong states, with their people united, will manage to do that. Kazakhstan, as a part of the world economy and a country located very close to the epicentre of geopolitical tensions, is experiencing negative pressure from all these challenges. We see the results: prices in global markets are dropping, and general economic growth is slowing down.

As is known, the forecasts of the development of the global economy for 2014 and the next two years were revised downward by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. That means we need to revise our own plans, and make adjustments for the coming period. There is no time for hesitation. The measures I will talk about today will be implemented from January 1, 2015. We must promptly take all the possible measures to prevent negative trends.

Today the Government is already working quickly at my order. We have revised the parameters of the republic’s budget for 2015. And this is right, as the drop in prices of our export raw materials has led to the reduction of the flow of money to our income. At the same time, the Government have a tough yet specific task: it must fulfil all social liabilities in full.

In a crisis, as we’re seeing the world over, economic policies must be re-evaluated. The sectors that need support are those which create the highest multiplier effect on economic growth and employment. We have already had such an experience. Suffice it to recall our successful anti-crisis measures in 2007-2009. As you see, life makes adjustments to the best laid plans. And we should add new content to the platform of our party based on today’s reality.

On my orders, the Government has completed the development of a new large-scale development programme. Today, as we respond to the challenges we face, I proclaim Kazakhstan’s New Economic Policy “Nyrly Zhol” (The Bright Road). This is what I devote my state-of-the-nation address for 2015. The policy will have a counter-cyclical character and will be aimed at continuing structural reforms in our economy. What does this mean?

Over the years, when the situation in external markets was favourable, and the price of oil and our export products were at sufficiently high level, we diverted revenues from those exports to the National Fund. One of the main tasks of the National Fund is to increase resistance of our economy to external shocks, including when prices of natural resources drop.

We were putting income from extraction and sales of raw materials into this Fund during all these years. We used 10 billion US dollars out of the National Fund to fight the crisis of 2007-2009. As for the rest of the money, we have not spent it. We saved and multiplied it. Now we are in the period when we must use these reserves. They will help overcome uneasy times and stimulate the growth of our economy. These resources are not intended for short-term measures. We will spend them on the transformation of our economy, namely – the development of transport, energy, industrial and social infrastructure, and small and medium businesses.

In February, a decision was made to allocate one trillion tenge from the National Fund to support economic growth and employment in 2014-2015 in two tranches of 500 billion tenge. To finalise the initiated projects and resolve pressing issues, I have instructed the Government to divert the second tranche of 500 billion tenge from the National Fund to the following goals:

First, 100 billion tenge should be additionally allocated to issue easy-term loans to small and medium businesses, as well as large enterprises. This will secure the implementation of projects in the food and chemical industries, engineering, as well as the service sector.

Second, to revive the banking sector and buy out “bad” loans, I have ordered additional capitalisation of the Fund of Problem Loans in the amount of 250 billion tenge in 2015.

Third, to raise new investments, we need to improve respective conditions. For these purposes, I have ordered the government to allocate 81 billion tenge in 2015 to complete the construction of the “dry port” complex, the infrastructure of the special economic zones at Khorgos – East Gate and the National Industrial Petrochemical Technological Park in Atyrau and Taraz.

Fourth, to continue the construction of the EXPO-2017, I have ordered the allocation of 40 billion tenge in 2015 adding to the already allocated 25 billion tenge.

Fifth, on the eve of EXPO-2017, we need to take care of the development of Astana’s transport infrastructure. This year the capital airport will reach its maximum capacity – 3.5 million people. Therefore, to increase its potential, I have ordered the allocation in 2015 of 29 billion tenge on the construction of a new terminal and a reconstruction of the landing strip. This will allow us to increase airport capacity to 7.1 million of passengers per year by 2017.

ASTANA-capital  and host city of WORLD EXPO 2017

Dear people of Kazakhstan,

In view of new external risks for the development of our economy, we need new initiatives to stimulate business activity and employment. The Infrastructure Development Plan, which I want to make public today, will become the core of the New Economic Policy. It is intended to last for five years and is to run in parallel with the Second Five Year term of the Programme of Accelerated Industrial and Innovative Development. More than 100 foreign companies intend to participate in its implementation. The total investment portfolio will make 6 trillion tenge, with the state contributing 15 per cent of the total.

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Kazakhstan owns a territory so vast it would tire the wings of a bird to fly over it. Thus, this plan requires huge funds and hard work. There is a saying: “If you want to know a nation’s prosperity look at its paths.” Road connections are of high importance, not only for travel, but also for the transportation of goods. In ancient times our big cities were located along the Great Silk Road.

Nowadays, all essential life depends on access to the main highways. Roads are the essence of life, the source of a modern existence. All the regions of Kazakhstan need to be closely connected by railroads, highways, and air services. The nine roads, connecting with each other in Astana are like the roots of life, spread our capital’s creative spirit. Improving interconnectivity between the regions will eventually lead to a greater domestic well-being. It will strengthen trade and economic ties between the regions. There will be new markets emerging from inside the country. Therefore bringing together distant parts is the main focus of today’s address.

 

ASTANA: a perfect and lofty city in the heart of Kazakhstan

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First, the development of transport and logistics infrastructure will be formed around regional hubs, connected through Astana as the central hub and backbone by highways, railways and airlines. But first, we need to implement the main road projects. They are Western China to Western Europe; Astana to Almaty; Astana to Ust-Kamenogorsk; Astana to Aktobe to Atyrau; Almay to Ust-Kamenogorsk; Karaganda to Zhezkazgan to Kyzylorda; Atyrau to Astrakhan.

It is also necessary to continue the creation of a logistical hub in the east and marine infrastructure in the west of the country. The large-scale ferry site from Kuryk and the railway line from Borzhakty to Yersai will contribute to the growth of exports to the west through ports in the Caspian Sea. I have ordered the Government to work on the construction or rental of terminals at dry and sea ports in China, Iran, Russia and the EU.

Second, development of industrial infrastructure. The implementation of infrastructure projects will produce big demand for construction materials, products and services for transport, communication, energy, housing and utility areas.

So, firstly, we need to complete our work on the formation of infrastructure in existing special economic zones. The Government and the akims (governors) need to work in a timely manner to fill those zones with concrete projects. Secondly, they need to explore the possibility of constructing new industrial zones in regions aimed at the development of production facilities of SMEs and raising extra investments. Tourism infrastructure is a separate line. Its main advantage is the opportunity to create jobs. The creation of one job here costs 10 times less than in industry.

Third, the development of energy infrastructure. Extensive work has been carried out within the framework of the industrialisation programme in energy in the past five years. Nevertheless, limited transmission systems create a deficit of electric energy in the southern regions of the country and of natural gas in central and eastern regions. We need to focus on two projects. To construct high voltage lines Ekibastuz – Semey – Ust-Kamenogorsk and Semey – Aktogai – Taldykorgan – Almaty. This will create a balanced energy supply from Kazakh power plants to all regions of the country.

Fourth, the modernisation of housing and utilities infrastructure and water and heat supply networks. The total demand for investments makes no less than 2 trillion tenge with annual allocation till 2020 from all sources of founding of no less than 200 billion tenge.

Today we see significant interest in investing in the modernisation of housing and utilities from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Asian Development Bank, the Islamic Development Bank and private investors. We need to ensure their maximum involvement through the provision of long-term investment rates. Such projects should be co-funded by the state to prevent significant increases in rates. We should allocate up to 100 billion tenge each year to accelerate the level of modernisation in our heat and water supply systems, in addition to the funds already envisaged in the budget.

Fifth, the strengthening of housing infrastructure. The formation of urban centres is accompanied by a significant cross-flow of the population. This creates pressure on the labour market and city infrastructure, including on the housing fund. Therefore, our approach to construction of rental housing should be revised. The state will construct social housing to rent out and provide to the population for long term rent with the right to buy it. The provision of housing directly, without mediators, with low-interest loans will allow us to reduce the cost of acquisition. No first instalment and low mortgage interest will make housing more affordable for various strata of the people of Kazakhstan. Therefore, we will additionally increase funding of construction of rental housing for the amount of 180 billion tenge during 2015-2016.

Sixth, development of social infrastructure. We must resolve the issues of unfit schools and three-shift education, as we set out in our election platform. The funds envisaged in the 3 year budget do not let us to resolve this problem by 2017. Therefore, I have ordered the Government to allocate another 70 billion tenge. Another matter is the lack of kindergartens. I instruct to allocate an additional 20 billion tenge to reduce the deficit of places in preschools within 3 years. Akims must deal will this as much as possible and attract the private sector.

Ten higher education institutions were defined within the framework of the industrialisation programme based on which the link between science, economic sectors and personnel training will be ensured. I have ordered the Government to create the material and technical framework of these education institutions, allocating up to 10 billion tenge by 2017.

Seventh, we need to continue the work to support small and medium businesses and business activities. As of today, the 100 billion tenge from the National Fund aimed at supporting and crediting small and medium enterprises has been fully used. This allowed us to create more than 4,500 jobs. The demand for these funds exceeded the supply by 23 billion tenge. The unprecedented conditions providing credit for businesses at 6 per cent for 10 years were created. There were no such conditions in our country before. We should continue our work to develop small and medium businesses as a driver of economic growth and increase their share to 50 per cent of GDP by 2050. Therefore, we need to use credit facilities for small and medium businesses more effectively at the account of the ADB, EBRD, and the World Bank for the total amount of 155 billion tenge in 2015-2017.

Kazakhstan of today: a wonderful mixture of tradition, culture and modernity.

Dear people of Kazakhstan,

The situation in the world economy makes it sufficiently hard to achieve our goals without extra financial resources.

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There was a reason why we established the National Fund. It was mainly aimed at providing stable social and economic development, and protecting our country’s economy from unpredictable circumstances. Right now, it is high time to use this fund for our needs. Kazakhstan should avoid repeating the mistakes of other countries. We have to use our internal resources for economic growth efficiently.

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I have made the decision regarding additional allocation of 3 billion US dollars from the National Fund for the period from 2015 to 2017. I have ordered the Government to prepare respective decisions for the allocation of funds from the National Fund and to take into account the required funds in the draft national budget for 2015 within a week. The Government should also undertake measures and ensure effective and rational use of these funds.

The commission created by me will strictly monitor the effective use of the funds and report to me personally. I will request a report about every tenge spent. Special responsibility is imposed on all the akims. Nur Otan must actively get involved into this work and to establish strict party control at all levels.

I am entrusting the Government with ensuring that National Fund resources are allocated efficiently and appropriately to the relevant areas. Every tenge will be under strict control. Nur Otan should take an active part in it, and monitor it closely for the party.

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The investments from the National Fund must be accompanied by structural reforms in the economic sectors. We need to ensure joint implementation of projects with international financial organisations. For instance, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the EBRD and the IDB are ready to allocate about 9 billion dollars for 90 priority projects. The allocated funds should support investment activities, prevent a drop in population’s income and stimulate the creation of new jobs. This will result in sustainable economic growth in the short and medium term.

Our education, health care and agriculture development programmes will continue. We will have a substantial discussion about this at the first extended meeting of the Government next year. The New Economic Policy “Nurly Zhol” is our global step on the path to become one of 30 most developed countries of the world.

All the necessary conditions for successful work have been created. Administrative reforms were carried out, and the new structure of the Government and executive power is working. Every minister knows what to do. We removed redundancy and unnecessary links in management. Akims have the necessary scope of authority. The regions have everything – programmes, resources, finances. Everybody is responsible for their area of work. They now need to knuckle down and set to work.

The New Economic Policy “Nurly Zhol” will become a driver of the growth in our economy during the coming years. 200,000 new jobs will be created by the construction of roads alone. And this means greater employment and growth of income for the population. “Nurly Zhol” will create a multiplier effect in other economic sectors:  production of cement, metal, machinery, bitumen, equipment and related services.

Roads are lifelines for Kazakhstan. Life has always emerged and developed in our vast expanses around roads. We must create such a transport network that car, railway and air lines stretch to all directions from Astana. Like arteries from the heart. Like rays from the sun.

The new lines built by the people of Kazakhstan will renew our economy and community. They will firmly link all the corners of our country with its centre. Cargo traffic will accelerate and increase. The volume of transit through the country will grow. Our citizens will drive on modern and quality highways, and will be able to get to any region quickly and safely. Social infrastructure will improve, new and modern schools and hospitals will provide high-quality services. Finally, this will affect the welfare and the quality of life of each citizen of Kazakhstan. And the main thing is all of this will remain in our land as wealth of our future generations.

President Nursultan Nazarbayev: a true leader of XXI century 

Dear people of Kazakhstan,

There is large and important work in front of us. We must be united to pass this global exam. We must strengthen trust among all the people of Kazakhstan! Be tolerant to each other! These are keys to Kazakhstan’s future. Interethnic harmony is oxygen. We never notice it, when we breathe, we do it automatically – we just live. We must safeguard our unity and our interethnic harmony. No outsider can come and do this for us. Our young grow in a new and independent country. The younger generation did not witness interethnic war or conflict, the devastation of 1990’s. Many people perceive stability and comfortable life in Kazakhstan as something given since their birth.

For what are stability and harmony? It is family welfare, safety, a roof over our head. Peace is the joy of paternity and maternity, health of parents and happiness of our children. Peace is stable work, wages and feeling confident about the future. Peace and stability are the achievement of our entire population, which must be protected and reinforced by everyday hard work. I always say: the young are the foundation of our future. The state has opened up all the doors and all the paths to the new generation! Nurly Zhol is where our creative and dynamic young can invest their efforts and develop!

Next year we will solemnly celebrate 20 years since the adoption of the Constitution and the creation of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan. When we celebrate these dates, we should make the people of Kazakhstan spiritually stronger, united, and even more tolerant. I am convinced that our core principle – Kazakhstan, Only Ahead! – will sound in a new way and will acquire a deeper meaning at this new important turn of our history! I wish success and reaching new heights to all of you, because they will raise our Homeland even higher!

Dear fellow citizens,

We are united by our national idea – Mangilik El (Eternal Nation), making its way to the independent development of “Nurly Zhol”. To follow this path we need to work hard, and to unite our efforts on the way to a brighter future. The Eternal Nation is a unifying force and an inexhaustible source of energy. It is the basis for not only the “Kazakhstan 2050” Strategy, but also the strong ideological foundation of Kazakhstan’s Statehood in the 21st century! The Eternal Nation is itself the source of a new Kazakhstan Patriotism. It is a great principle for the entire society of Kazakhstan.

Adoration for our historical past, pride for today’s fortunes, and faith in our blossoming future – are all covered by the powerful concept of “Mangilik El” (The Eternal Nation). Love for the fatherland is respect for the great legacy of our ancestors, keeping it as safe as the apple of your eye, making a contribution to its development, and passing it on to future generations. This is the ultimate goal of all Kazakhstan.

The foundation of the idea of the Eternal Nation runs very deep. Thirteen centuries ago, the sage Tonykok stated the “Eternal Nation is the goal of all Turkic people.” This means that our national idea, just as the roots of our nationhood, originates from our ancient history. The unity of the people, that’s what makes a viable national idea. Where there is no unity, and discord flourishes, no national ideas can ever come to life. Unity and prosperity are the main reasons for of the great success achieved by Kazakhstan.

Today, thanks to our respect for stability, we have managed great strides forward. Humiliating nobody, denying nobody’s language or cultural heritage, while giving all citizens equal opportunities, helps us strengthen the stability of our country. National unity must be our main treasure to pass on to future generations. We must nurture the concept of national values in the mind of every young person.

ROMANIA-SAUDI ARABIA FRIENDLY DIALOGUE

On 10 June, 2013 a friendly and cooperation meeting between Prof. Dr. Anton Caragea, Director of Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation and H.E. Abdulrahman Al Rassi, Ambassador of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia had taken place.

Prof. Dr. Anton Caragea expressed his amicable fillings and friendly interest towards the recent evolution`s in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom is playing an instrumental role in promoting cultural and economic development in the Middle East area. Also Romania is witnessing with sympathy and interest the latest evolution from Saudi Arabia, including the government measures for consolidating the economic development and creating a diversified economy and the decision to foster social inclusion and cultural development in the Kingdom.

Romania is and it will always be ready to build a special and stable relation with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a relation based on the community of interests in the economic, politic and cultural areas, concluded Professor Dr. Anton Caragea.

H.E. Ambassador Abdulrahman Al Rassi had express his appreciation for the encouragements received and for the amicable atmosphere registered amongst Romanian people towards the culture and civilization of Saudi Arabia.

Between the two nations there is an ample desire for information and cooperation and to amplify the bilateral relation stated Ambassador Abdulrahman Al Rassi.

On this solid foundation we can consider an extension of the cultural dimension of bilateral relation and in building new bridges of dialogue between Romania and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The parties had appreciated that between Romanian and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia there are large area of common interests, designed to forge a good understanding between the two nations.

An increase in the presence of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia related news  in Romanian mass media and informational market and a better reflection of his specific culture to Romanian public and the presence of an academic message of support where also tabled at the meeting.

The dialogue had continued on concrete aspects and analyses of economic, political and cultural bilateral relations and on ways of fostering this dialogue on to the future.

The discussion led the foundations for continuing the dialogue and fostering the relations between Romania and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

ROMANIAN ECONOMY IN 2013: GDP, INFLATION, ECONOMIC DATA

Economic forecast: Romanian economy in 2013. GDP, Inflation, Bankruptcy.

Wednesday 30 of January 2013 at the Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation headquarters was held the first conference of 2013: The evolution of Romanian economy in 2013. The aggravating crisis!

Beggars on the street of Romania: a sign of failed economic policy 

The conference has joined economical experts from Romania and European Union, economical supervisors and personalities of political, economical and academic life of Romania.

2009- 2012 –the first period of crisis.

The conference started with an evaluation of the impact of economic crisis in the last period: 2009-2012.

In 2009 the economic crisis has affected the vital areas of economic life: the collapse has started with construction industry and construction material factories and collapse continued by the real estate market shrinking. Others affected sectors where: insurance, banking and stock exchange and in all the financial sector was strongly shaken down. The consumer confidence has fallen sharply and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has being reduced with 10% in 2010 and 8% in 2011.

The decrease in Romanian economy has being so devastating that now we are below the 2000 level. Unfortunately the economic collapse of 2010-2012 has laid the foundation for a crisis without equivalent in Romanian history that will affect the country in 2013.

Professor dr. Anton Caragea-Director of Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation chairing the romanian economist`s meeting.

2011-2012: The period of economic earthquake.

2011 and 2012 will be remembered as the worst years of economic turmoil in Romania, had appreciated in one voice all the experts present at the gathering.

First of all the 2011 has being the year in which the Romanian economy had collected all the hard hits from all the economic collapse of the last years. The financial system has being especially hard hit and this had made the fragile Romanian economy to reach the breaking point. The inflation had resurfaced and the experts appreciate that a 10% percent yearly inflation is unavoidable.

The resurgence of inflation had put a dramatic pressure on population economy and had made any recovery unthinkable for the next 4-8 years.

The collapse in economic system, the internal and external investments had being reduced to minimum, the credit on internal market has being practically suspended and all this had provoke for 2012 an economic decrease of more than 15% of GDP or even 18% of GDP after others opinions. A factor not to be neglected in amplification of the crisis is the governmental incompetence that by increasing the taxes, legislative chaos and a deliberate politics of destroying the middle class investors in the favor of big companies all did nothing ells than to aggravate the economic crisis.

2013 – European economic crisis will impact hard on Romania.

The 2013 will be a decisive year to on how will be affected the Romanian economy by the European meltdown.

Until now the Romanian economy was hit hard by his own faults like: reduced productivity and competitiveness, chaos in the governmental policy, crippling inflation etc. In 2013 Romania will be affected by the decay in European economic activity.

Crisis hit Spain, Greece, and Ireland and slowing down economy of Germany, France and Great Britain, will impact negative on Romanian chances to get access to European funds and foreign investments.

Romanian economy and policy maker are not yet conceptual prepared to understand that Romanian EU membership had became a liability and a negative factor in the future of Romania, appreciated the representative of Foreign Export Company Association Mr. Marcel Alexandru.

The negative impact of European Union financial and confidence crisis will account for a 2-5% percent reduction in Romanian GDP this year.

 2013 will be without a doubt a period of a new catastrophic decline. It must be very clear, all economic experts underlined, that the present economic decline will last for at least a decade at European level, so all those opinions that declared that Romania will start a new economic growth before the next 10 years; either don’t know what they are saying, either is bluntly laying.

All the European statistics are speaking about the lost decade of Europe between 2010 and 2020 , term referring to the blocking of economic development at continental level and the frozen of present situation for a decade.

Those that are declaring that Romania will surpass the period of recovering of  France or Great Britain economy , are telling stories that are unbelievable , stated chief economist- Mihail Racaceanu. What is important is to succeed that we have in 2013 a decrease in real economy of less than 10% and in the interval between 2013 and 2018 to stop the decline and in 2020 to come back to pre-crisis level.

Homeless and hungry in Great Britain. How EU crisis will affect Romania ?

2013 budget- a budget of economic decline.

In 2013 the Romanian economy is coming to the fore not only with the negatives trends of the last years and a crippling inflation but also with a budget of austerity that will direct Romania to plunge into a new economic meltdown.

The 2013 budget is the first budget in the eight year period that is not approved prior to 1-th of January, a negative record that is impacting Romanian economic stability and is giving a sign of chaos in the government economic policy.

The budget expected deficit of 2, 4% percent of GDP it not offering any chance for a real economic recovery, massive investment projects are abandoned and the decline in the economy is estimated by independent economist around 8-10% percent of the GDP by the year’s end.

What is dramatic is the reduction in the direct investment in the economy, with less than 8 billion euro investment planned for this year the Romanian economy had to struggle for sustainability. Reduced foreign investment and dramatically shrinking internal private investment means that Romania will have now more that 10 billion euro (in an optimistic assessment) for investment programs. The country needs at least 20 billion per year to modernize the economy and to have a decent growth rate of 1-2% percent per year. He present day budget is not only of severe austerity but of severe contraction stated the economists present at the meeting.

Romanian economy recover postponed to 2050.

This assessment was a strong one, keeping in mind that the pre-crisis governmental statistic declared that in 2025 Romania will succeed in recuperating the gap and reach the level of industrial activity prior to 1989 Revolution.

This perspective is no longer feasible, a new perspective is appearing after the crisis and after the lost decade and a cumulative GDP decrease of more than 60% from 2007 economy level.

This economic recession will be hard to recuperate in the context of zero governmental involvement, the general economic climate of recession and finally the worst factor of all: the burden of external debt.

The resurgence of inflation will put a dramatic pressing on population economy and will make any recovery unthinkable for the next 1-2 years. The collapse in economic system, the internal and external investments will be reduced to minimum, the credit on internal market will be suspended and all this will provoke next year an economic decrease of more than 15% of GDP or even 18% of GDP after others opinions. A factor not to be neglected in amplification of the crisis in the governmental incompetence that by: increasing the taxes, legislative chaos and a deliberate politics of destroying the middle class investor in the favor of big companies all did nothing ells than to aggravate the economic crisis.

External debt risk can plunge Romania into financial meltdown.

The fear factor that will suffocate Romanian economy in the next period will be, after 2015, the foreign debt crisis.

The Emil Boc government has careless accepted more than 36 billion dollars credit and in total the private and state debt of Romania is reaching the unbelievable sum of 95 billion dollars, this only if the government will no longer accept new loans.

In 2012 the Mihai Razvan Ungureanu government succeeded in just a few months to reduce the National bank Reserves by 20 billion euro, an unprecedented squandering of public money in Romanian history.

Despite the writing on the wall, in all of cases like Greece, Spain and Ireland, Romania is accepting new loan from International Monetary Fund, loans that will not be invested in developing and modernizing the economy but in salaries and pensions. This consumer invested loans at extortionate interest rates will suffocate completely an ailing and failed economy as Romanian economy is.

Unemployment: with a rate of registered unemployment of more than 12% of the active population and with another 15% percent of the population already left out of the governmental unemployment aide, Romania tops many EU member countries with a real unemployment figure of more than 25% of the population. This figure must be put in perspective with more that 50% of the population below the poverty line and the full picture of the economic meltdown and social tragedy could be analyzed. Romania economy is in crises and no plans for a future development had not being adopted.

2013: The worsening of economic crisis.

The conclusion of the most important economic experts of Romania was clear: the crisis is not over by far, but has entered in a more difficult faze that will affect financial and banking system and economic fundament`s. The economic crisis will continue until 2017 at the earliest and a coming back cycle that will last until 2025. This decade will be without a doubt the lost decade of Romania but if the necessary measures are not rapidly taken to re-establish control on economic decline than we risk that Romania economy will not come back not even in 2025.

A NATION WAY TO PROSPERITY AND GLOBAL SIGNIFICANCE by PROFESSOR DR. ANTON CARAGEA, MA, FINS, EDA

We are living through difficult and boisterous time. A period of rapid changes in world economic and political system, a time of powerful crisis that is shaking the fundaments of national states and of national economies and is putting under strain the social protection and all the values of economic neo-liberalism.

In this chaotic period, just a few nations are allowed the luxury of economic and political long time forecast and predictability: China and United States are creating and proposing to their people and foreign partners a long term vision of development and national statehood construction.
In a time of peril and un-certitude, when even a short time economic prediction is considered hazardous, just a few nations are having the will to act as beacons of lights and direction for their region.

In 17th of December 2012 Kazakhstan had enter to this select club of nations, conscientious of their role and position in the continental and world stage by presenting an ambitious, realistic and well carved plan for future of Kazakhstan until 2050.
By the voice of his President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan had created the prototype of a long term, healthy and stable construction model for the country, the region and the world.

Kazakhstan 2030: weathering the storm and creating a nation.

Kazakhstan it is not at the first step in a managed transition towards a stable and democratic society and a powerful economy.
In 1997 Kazakhstan had already carved the landmarks of his astonishing development by the presidential strategy- Kazakhstan 2030.
Far from being just a window dressing, the strategy for 2030 had proved to be a perfect way for charting Kazakhstan after the independence in the incertitude of nation building and construction of a viable economy.
The program had allowed Kazakhstan to tap into national reserves of oil and gas, to gush out of the enclave country status via the reconstructed Silk Road of energy and trade, to create a modern economy, not depending only on energy resources, to build a huge potential of national intelligence and to foster the economy of knowledge, the base for a XXI century reliable economy.

The long string of economic successes was accompanied in the internal sphere by political stability, based on democratic and open society values, the protection of national and religious minorities.
In the area of external policy, Kazakhstan had gather the powerful laurels of a successful reform project carried out during his Presidency of Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. An impressive success was also the unprecedented two year chairmanship of Organization of Islamic Conference that transformed Kazakhstan in a leader of dialogue between Islam and Western world.

The latest major diplomatic achievement of Kazakhstan was the proposal of building an area of security and cooperation in Europe and Asia, launched in September 2012, in Astana, at CICA Conference by President Nursultan Nazarbayev. This latest proposal makes Kazakhstan the promoter of an all-inclusive, intercontinental dialogue, that could transform the political landscape of XXI century.
In the end, Kazakhstan 2030 had proved to be not only a successful strategy for Kazakhstan, but also an example for all the countries of the world on how a nation by the sole fact of building himself, can become a regional and world significant player.

The main pillar of Kazakhstan 2050: understanding of XXI century.

In its world acclaimed book: The Seven Pillars of Wisdom, the famous Lawrence of Arabia had mentioned that: the most important, but also decisive part of a plan is to be in line with the necessity of his time.
Kazakhstan 2050 starts by outlining the fundaments of the world in XXI century. A period of change, of accelerating history, of economic, political and ecological challenges, a world completely different from the world of XX century.
Instead of training to force the reality to enter in the realm of possibility, Kazakhstan 2050 is offering a realistic and practical assessment of the necessities of today world and of the available solutions.
Fallowing his long term tradition, Kazakhstan understands that creating a success story and offering solutions to the world is the best way to serve not only his interest, but also to add value to his place in the world.
Kazakhstan 2050: good news for people of Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan had become in the last 20 years an abode of peace, inter-ethnic and inter-religious understanding in a troubled world. One of the explanation is undoubtedly the economic success that made the Kazakhstan not only one of the fastest growing economy in the world, but also a top investor destination in the world economy statistics.

Kazakhstan 2050 is providing the basis for this healthy economy to continue his growth process. Investing in social protection and creating a strong internal demand are key factors for a stable rate of growth. Modernizing the economic potential, investing in new technologies are policy that will insure the world competitiveness of Kazakhstan national economy and the creation of a knowledge based economy are also a profitable long term investment.

The modern economy is based on technological transfer and Kazakhstan is becoming a champion in modernizing the basis of his economy via technology transfer and more important, Kazakhstan educational system mixed with the accent on entrepreneurship in economic development is creating the base for a managerial revolution, that will put Kazakhstan among the top economy`s of the world in term of creativity and intelligence incorporated in economic production.

Extremely interesting it is also the concept of a Kazakhstan patriotism. Instead of playing the card of nationalism or chauvinism, President Nursultan Nazarbayev is calling for the tradition, language and equality to blend into a new and successful Kazakh: a person well educated, wealthy , healthy enjoying the benefits of a modern state and administration and a state of the art medical system.
Kazakhstan is promising to put at the core of his foundation plan for 2050 the individual and his chances to prevail in a complex XXI century.

From Kazakhstan to the world. From world to Kazakhstan.

One of the keys of Kazakhstan national and international success was understanding that Kazakhstan could not evolve alone in the world, but always must stay in touch and be an intricate part of the world evolutions. There are many examples that support this conjecture in Kazakhstan two decades of independence story.

Kazakhstan economic miracle was built on partnership with western companies and oil extraction technology, but also on political negotiation with Russia on Caspian Sea exploration.
The Astana Expo 2017 will also be a proof of the lesson of mutual profit that Kazakhstan is offering to the world. Kazakhstan management of energy, the lessons of ecology and energy for a future, of environment protection, are going to be beneficial for the world economy and for the generations to come. This is just a new illustration of the Kazakhstan concept of successful quest for global significance.
Kazakhstan economic development had transformed the country in a major player in the development of Asia and Europe. Kazakhstan 2050 promises to continue this wise policy: from Kazakhstan to the world, from world to Kazakhstan, creating a synergy that could only beneficial for all the world nations.

Now the lessons of Kazakhstan 2050 are available for everybody: an example of a society of free people building a country for the future, not in isolation or competition, but in harmony with the world nations. In the concert of nations Kazakhstan is ushering in a new tone: a tone of hope.

Professor dr. Anton Caragea MA, FINS, Dr.Hc

SEOUL NUCLEAR SECURITY SUMMIT – A ROMANIAN VIEW by PROFESSOR DR. ANTON CARAGEA

The Seoul Summit had just concluded, but his reverberation will be long standing. Everybody is agreeing that we are witnessing just the beginning of  an international custom on managing nuclear weapons and nuclear security.  Seoul Summit, if it was not exceedingly rich on international regulation,   had offered instead a successful model of nuclear security management, of relinquishing the illusory security offered by nuclear weapons in exchange for a world commitment to his security: Kazakhstan.

Professor Dr. Anton Caragea during his visit in Kazakhstan.

 

The world leaders have showered praises on the Central Asian country and his leader-Nursultan Nazarbaev ,top of the list being  United States President, Barack Obama,  who described Kazakhstan as a model for the world  and express his support for the country`s bid to host the International Nuclear Fuel Bank .

In this moment, when we are confronted with an insufficient legal framework on nuclear security, the need for a successful example to be offered as a way out for the countries that had pursued or are pursuing a program for nuclear military development it is clearly marked.

Kazakhstan is, undoubtedly, the success story of nuclear disarmament : dismantling an impressive nuclear arsenal inherited from Soviet Union ,with more than 1.000 warheads, prohibiting nuclear experiments on Semipalatinsk  polygon and in exchange obtaining security guarantees and international recognition of his borders .

International leaders express their appreciation towards Kazakhstan President- Nursultan Nazarbayev

 

In today world Kazakhstan and the architect of this enlighten policy: President Nursultan Nazarbavev had a long track record of  achievements.

Among others unremitting exertion for the nuclear disarmament Kazakhstan joined the “Group of Eight” (G-8) Global Partnership against the spread of weapons of mass destruction and ratified the 2005 Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) to bring it into force by 2014 and successfully hosted the Conference of the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism” .

If to this list we add the impressive achievements of Kazakhstan Presidency to Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the hosting of the first high level OSCE Summit in Astana  in 2010 and the lavish and profound transforming Chairmanship to Organization of Islamic Conference we have the complete picture of a country determined to leave his mark on international arena.

Kazakhstan had not fall asleep on the laurels already won and President Nursultan Nazarbaev already used his country high standing to promote a regulation package destined to offer the possibility of further development of use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes such as: the adoption of legally binding nuclear safety standards, the establishment of mechanisms for rapid response in case of emergency at nuclear facilities, and the granting to all states of an equal access to peaceful nuclear technology and supplies of low enriched uranium (LEU), including through an International Nuclear Fuel Bank.

The mounting support of the world leaders to Kazakh President vision of a nuclear weapons free world   had offered a new chance for Seoul Summit. The value of this vision is reflected in President Nursultan Nazarbaev own words: Based on the experience of my country, that voluntarily renounced the world’s fourth nuclear arsenal, I can say that the real security guarantees are provided by sustainable economic and social development,”

 If the world will support Kazakhstan in sharing this lesson, than the mankind could have a chance for a better future.

Professor Dr. Anton Caragea MA, FINS, EDA

KAZAHSTAN : 20 DE ANI DE MIRACOL ECONOMIC SI PROSPERITATE

KAZAHSTAN : 20 DE ANI DE MIRACOL ECONOMIC SI PROSPERITATE de prof.dr.Anton Caragea

Astăzi, într-o lume bântuită de spectrul crizei economice, obişnuită cu eufemismul creşterii negative, cu spectrul reducerii investiţiilor şi al şomajului, modelul economic kazah pare impresionant.

În anii cei mai grei ai crizei, economia kazahă a continuat să crească cu un ritm mediu de 3% anual, a continuat să producă locuri de muncă şi prosperitate, ajungând la un vârf de competitivitate în regiunea Asiei Centrale.

Care este secretul acestei dezvoltări? Un răspuns simplist ar fi bogăţia în rezerve naturale de gaz şi petrol a Kazahstanului, dar acest răspuns este incomplet şi ne duce pe o pantă greşită.

Zeci de alte ţări se bucură de aşa zisa mană petrolieră şi gaziferă fără ca aceste atuuri să modifice tabloul unor economii slabe, sărace şi bântuite de corupţie. Modelul kazah se bazează în mod clar pe alte elemente suplimentare.

Kazahstan: o economie bazată pe export

În 1991, când Kazahstanul pornea pe drumul independenţei, rezervele sale de petrol şi gaze erau incomplet exploatate, liniile de export petrolier şi de gaze erau îndreptate doar spre economia rusă, care nu mai putea plăti aceste influxuri energetice, iar ţara era chiar in incapacitate de a-şi asigura necesarul energetic propriu, cu atât mai puţin să devină un jucător pe piaţa mondială a petrolului şi a gazelor.

Anumiţi experţi credeau că marile rezerve energetice ale Kazahstanului vor rămâne neexploatate, din lipsă de capital, tehnologie şi expertiză.

În doar 20 de ani, Kazahstanul a ştiut să îşi diversifice reţeaua de parteneri şi să devină un jucător energetic complex, care asigură dezvoltarea puterii economice chineze, plus necesarul de energie al Uniunii Europene şi al economiei ruseşti, având în acelaşi timp deschise coridoare energetice spre Golful Persic şi spre Marea Mediterană.

Investiţiile în economia kazahă au depăşit 120 de miliarde de dolari în ultimii 20 de ani, iar rezervele valutare ale ţării au trecut de 60 de miliarde de dolari.

Explicaţiile acestui miracol economic sunt nenumărate:    un climat investiţional deschis, sprijin acordat investitorilor strategici, sprijin acordat investitorilor kazahi, diversificarea partenerilor externi pentru a obţine un preţ cât mai bun pentru materiile prime exportate de Kazahastan.

Dezvoltare bazată pe investiţiile de stat

Kazahstanul a înţeles rapid un adevăr al economiilor dezvoltate: nu se poate fără un sprijin al statului faţă de activitatea economică și fără preluarea de către stat a unor cheltuieli de dezvoltare şi cercetare ce nu pot fi suportate de către agenţii privaţi.

Aceeaşi necesitate sprijinului statului apare şi în cadrul investiţiilor în infrastructură, fără de care economia nu va fi nici dezvoltată, nici competitivă.

Ca atare, în aceşti 20 de ani investiţiile economice ale statului au ajuns la 30% din PIB, asigurând o rată de creştere economică de 8% înainte de criză şi de 3% în timpul crizei.

Astfel, economia kazahă oferă acum un portret complet diferit de a cel de acum 20 de ani: o economie modernă, competitivă, bazată pe export şi în continuă creştere şi care de acum se poate baza şi pe o piaţă internă de peste 16 milioane de locuitori şi cu un produs per capita de peste 9.000 de dolari.

Economia kazahă creşte în timp de criză

În timp ce economia mondială se restrânge şi cererea de materii prime stagnează sau scade, totuşi economia kazahă cunoaşte o creştere sănătoasă în ultimii ani. Misterul se explică simplu, un plan ambiţios de dezvoltare pe perioada 2010-2014 şi intitulat simplu şi clar Programul pentru dezvoltare industrială accelerată şi inovaţie.

Planul va creea, doar în 2011, peste 24.000 de noi locuri de muncă în 152 de noi întreprinderi ce vor fi înfiinţate şi va fi realizată o investiţie în economia productivă de peste 14% din PIB.

În total, pe parcursul programului vor fi finalizate 294 de proiecte industriale şi peste 207.000 de noi locuri de muncă vor fi create spre a moderniza economia kazahă, astfel încât somajul să nu depăşească 5%, asta în condiţiile în care populaţia va creşte cu încă 2 milioane de locuitori, de la 16 la 18 milioane, până în 2020.

Profesor dr. Anton Caragea vorbind la Universitatea Euro-Asiatica din Astana : Kazahstan si Uniunea Europeana

Totodată, planul nu se concentrează doar pe investiţiile în industrie. Agricultura este şi ea vizată, Kazahstanul, care a trecut deja de la stadiul de importator de alimente la cel de exportator, va trece acum la un export susţinut de produse animaliere pentru pieţele din Orientul Mijlociu.

Rolul statului, determinant

Statul nu s-a retras din economie, lăsând-o să lupte singură cu criza, ci a continut să susţină producția, apoi nu a investit resursele nici în consum, nici în susţinerea sectoarelor bancare, ci în susţinerea sectoarelor direct productive care menţin economia în funcțiune.

În final, statul kazah a înţeles ABC-ul economiei de piaţă keynesiene, anume că fără investiţii directe ale statului, nici o economie nu poate rezista şi a luat deciziile necesare impulsionând creşterea economică a Kazahstanului.

Investiţia în oameni și competitivitatea

Toate aceste eforturi nu ar fi avut acelaşi succes dacă statul kazah s-ar fi îndreptat doar spre un model economic de piaţă liberă, fără să fie interesat şi de latura socială, de investiţia în oameni. Economia nu poate funcţiona fără specialişti, fără cadre profesionalizate şi baza oricărei dezvoltări economice stă în oameni şi în pregătirea lor.

Ca atare, toate planurile economice din ultimii 20 de ani au pus la baza lor investiţia în sistemul universitar performant al Kazahstanului, parteneriate cu universităţile de top din lume, atragerea de cadre didactice prestigioase şi investiţia în baza materială, toate au asigurat Kazahstanului o dezvoltare rapidă în domeniu, ajungând pe locuri fruntaşe în topul cercetării şi inovaţiei-singura bază a competitivităţii economice.

Atenţia acordată cercetării s-a reflectat în atragerea de investiții străine, numai Statele Unite investind direct peste 5 miliarde de dolari doar în primele 6 luni ale lui 2010.

Alţi investitori de top, atraşi de climatul favorabil al Kazahstanului şi de potenţialul său uman sunt Olanda, Marea Britanie, Franţa şi Italia, iar ritmul investiţiilor străine a crescut în perioada crizei datorită poziţiei strategice a Kazahstanului, la răscrucea pieţelor în dezvoltare din India, China, Rusia şi Asia Centrală.

În plus, Kazahstanul a ştiut să se centreze în mijlocul unei uriaşe pieţe comune de peste 170 de milioane de locuitori şi cu o cotă de piaţă de 6.000 de miliarde de dolari, prin semnarea unui acord de anulare a barierelor vamale cu Rusia şi Belarus.

Toţi investitorii străini apreciază că principala raţiune a prezenţei lor în Kazahstan o reprezintă potenţialul uman formidabil al ţării, cu o rată a alfabetizării de peste 99.6% şi cu o rata a şcolarizării universitare de peste 53%.

Adunând la aceste argumente şi obişnuitele reduceri sau anulări de taxe, anularea taxelor pe terenuri şi investiţii şi venituri, toate acestea au creat imaginea unui paradis investiţional în Kazahstan, după cum scria Aset Issekeshev, Ministrul Noilor Tehnologii şi al Industriei din Kazahstan.

Drumul Mătăsii: varianta modernă

Toată lumea îşi aduce aminte de vestitul Drum al Mătăsii, care lega bogăţiile Asiei de pieţele dornice de mătase, aur şi mirodenii ale Europei. Astăzi când piaţa europeană doreşte cu aceeaşi pasiune gazul şi petrolul Asiei, un nou Drum al Mătăsii îşi deschide porţile şi trece bineînţeles pe teritoriul Kazahstanului, precum trecea şi acum 500 de ani.

Proiectul unui ambiţios Drum al Mătăsii, ce leagă Vestul Chinei cu Vestul Europei, este noul proiect ce pune Kazahstanul în centrul dezvoltării economice mondiale. Noul drum va pune laolaltă căi ferate, şosele largi, trenuri de mare viteză pentru marfă şi pasageri, containere de transport şi conducte de apă, gaze şi petrol.

În plus, drumul va avea noi ramificaţii spre Iran şi Turcia, alte doua pieţe în rapidă dezvoltare. Când drumul va fi complet, va lega bogatul potenţial economic al Chinei, cu resursele energetice ale Asiei Centrale şi Orientului Mijlociu cu piaţa dezvoltată a Europei Occidentale şi cu pieţe din Orientul Mijlociu şi Marea Mediterană.

Noul drum va măsura 8.455 de km şi va aduce în 10 zile orice produs şi călător de la Beijing la Sankt Petersburg şi în Vestul Europei, drumul de până acum, maritim, fiind de 36.300 de kilometri şi fiind acoperit în 45 de zile, deci o reducere drastică a timpului şi a parcursului, care este extrem de marcantă şi benefică pentru dezvoltarea economică a regiunilor traversate.

Noul drum va beneficia de peste 110 de milioane de tone de cargo şi va creşte la peste 500 de miloane în următorii 5 ani. Aceste investiţii în infrastructură şi în mijloacele de transport îşi vor face simţite efectele benefice asupra economiilor din China, Japonia, Coreea de Sud şi zona de est a Asiei.

Fezabilitatea proiectului a fost garantată de Banca Mondială, care a şi alocat 2 miliarde de dolari pentru proiect sponsorizând refacerea a peste 1.000 de kilometri de cale ferată, în timp ce Kazahstanul va aloca 15 miliarde pentru acest ambiţios proiect.

Studiile de fezabilitate vorbesc despre o rata a profitabilităţii de 30% anual, astfel încât în 3 ani sumele investite vor fi recuperate, iar alte peste 58 de proiecte de investiţii vor beneficia de aportul acestui plan.

Fără acest proiect Vestul Chinei ar rămâne o regiune nedezvoltată, ocolită de miracolul economic chinezesc prezent pe coasta Pacificului, la fel imensele rezerve de petrol, gaze şi materii prime ale Asiei Centrale ar rămâne prea scumpe şi depărtate de piaţa europeană, cea indiană şi cea mondială, blocând refacerea economiei internaționale.

În plus, economia europeană, ce rămâne în urma competitorilor americani şi asiatici, îşi poate regăsi suflul cu ajutorul rezervelor Asiei Centrale, iar în final o piaţă de 200 de miloane de locuitori ai Asiei Centrale şi Europei de Est devin parte a economiei mondiale.

Băncile kazahe pornesc la cucerirea pieţei islamice

În momentul în care sistemul bancar mondial începe să tremure din toate încheieturile, după 20 de ani de consolidare, sistemul bancar kazah porneşte la cucerirea pieţelor islamice. Sistemul bancar kazah este cunoscut pentru sănătatea sa, obţinută prin criterii de eficienţă foarte stricte şi prin controlul susţinut al activităţior bancare şi consolidat prin rezerve masive păstrate la banca centrală.

Acum Kazahstanul vrea să intre pe piaţa mondială a produselor bancare pe uşa bancilor islamice. Aşa cum se ştie sistemul financiar mondial este constituit din sistemul bancar tradiţional, ce ocupă 65% din piaţă şi o zonă de 35 % ocupată de sistemul bancar islamic, sistem ce menţine o anumită structură conformă principiilor islamice.

Această zonă doreşte Kazahstanul să o cucerească, cu obiectiv anul 2020, an în care Kazahstanul trebuie să devină lider al sistemului bancar islamic.

Aceast obiectiv va fi obţinut prin finanţarea de către Kazahstan a proiectelor centrate pe transport, căi ferate şi sosele şi pe zona energiilor alternative şi în general numai în proiecte economice pe termen lung.

Unul din aceste proiecte îl constituie primul autobahn din Asia Centrală, cu un cost estimat de 762 de milioane de dolari şi cu o lungime de 220 de kilometri şi care va permite o viteză medie de 140 de kilometri pe oră.

Proiectul dezvoltării sistemului bancar kazah, ca un sistem bancar regional şi apoi ca un sistem bancar mondial este unul ambiţios şi are toate şansele să reuşească într-o lume ce încearcă să îşi revină după şocul crizei şi care are nevoie urgentă de finanţare masivă şi flexibilă.

Decizia strategică de a intra pe piața creditelor şi a proiectelor pe termen lung este una extrem de eficientă în condiţiile în care celelalte ţări au ieşit de pe aceasta piaţă tocmai datorită riscurilor ridicate prevăzute în termen de criză.

Lecţii ale Kazahstanului

Care sunt lecţiile pe care economia kazahă le oferă lumii ce încearcă să iasă din criză? În primul rând că nu există dezvoltare fără un puternic sector de stat şi fără un sprijin investiţional al statului pentru sectoare econmice nevralgice, ce au nevoie de investiţii majore şi susţinute, imposibil de efectuat de firme private.

Apoi, nicio dezvoltare economică nu este posibilă fără o dezvoltare umană: fără investiţii în sistemul educaţional, în sistemul medical şi în cel social, nu va exista nici impulsul de muncă şi nici productivitatea necesară unei dezvoltări economice.

Prin urmare, fără proiecte de infrastructură ambiţioase şi fără racordarea la economia mondială, nici o ţară nu se poate dezvolta şi nu îşi poate valorifica potenţialul.

ROMANIA – TAJIKISTAN : A DEVELOPING RELATION

Between 25-26 July 2011 Ambassador of Tajikistan and Representative to European Union and NATO  , Soliev Rustamjon Abdulloevich ,  had made an working visit to Romania at the invitation of Professor Dr. Anton Caragea, President of European Council on International Relations and Director of Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation of Romania,    in order to further develop the bilateral relation and offer new dimensions to economical, cultural and political dialogue between Tajikistan and Romania .

Ambassador Soliev Rustamjon Abdulloevich – High Representative of Tajikistan to European Union and NATO

In the framework of the visit Ambassador Soliev paid special attention to de-frozen  the economic dimension of the relations between the two countries.

Ambassador of Tajikistan had arranged meetings with Romanian Chamber of Commerce President and European Union Bilateral  Chambers of Commerce Vice-President , Director of Romanian Investment Agency  and Ministry of Economy and other Romanian economic officials .

The parties expressed the common desire of re-launch the bilateral relations by mutual assured investment , development of trade and tourism . Romanian side express the desire , in accordance with Tajikistan Ambassador views ,  to have a Romanian – Tajikistan Economic Forum , to have Tajikistan investment in Romanian tourist sites and to have practical offers for investment in Tajikistan .

In the meetings  held by Ambassador Soliev  at Energy Minister , Romania offered technical expertise for rehabilitation of Tajikistan energy system and also expressed interest in programs for solar and wind energy exploitation in Tajikistan .

In all the meetings Ambassador Soliev Rustamjon received official congratulation on the appointment of President of Tajikistan, Emamoli Rahmon for the prestigious European award of LEADER OF XXI CENTURY , the Romanian side underlining  that this famous award is the expression of Tajikistan new position of strength in the world and also an incentive for foreign investors to seek closer economical and political relations  with Tajikistan , as the prize is awarded as a proof of European confidence in a country and a leader.

In a special meeting at the European Council on International Relations Headquarters Ambassador Soliev Rustamjon Abdulloevich presented for an impressive audience of academics , politicians, diplomats and foreign observers , a report about Tajikistan development today .

The report was based on the masterpiece book TAJIK ARTS AND CRAFTS THROUGH THE CENTURIES by Hamrokhon Zarifi , Minister of Foreign Affairs of Tajikistan and highlighted the cultural richness  and lofty tradition  of the country. From Alexander the Great to Silk Road and today development and beauties of Tajikistan under President Emomali Rahmon economic and social reform program , the complete image of Tajikstan was presented in the Ambassador Soliev report .

Ambassador Soliev and european academics.

In the official audience granted by Director of Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation , professor Dr. Anton Caragea to Ambassador Soliev  the parties expressed the determination to boost cultural and academic relations, to create a framework for cultural and political dialogue and to organize an art exhibition : TAJIKISTAN IN THE HEART OF SILK ROAD  based on the art crafts presented in the book of   Minister of Foreign Affairs of Tajikistan ,  Hamrokhon Zarifi.

The parties had agreed a calendar of mutual consultation to search for new ways of fostering European Union – Tajikistan relations  but also Romania-Tajikistan relation.

The cultural dimension of bilateral Romania-Tajikistan relation was underlined also by meetings at Ministry of Culture and by visit of Ambassador Soliev Rustamjon Abdulloevich   to the oldest ethnographic museum in Eastern Europe : Village Museum of Romania .

The two day visit succeeded , after  a long time, to recreate a new dimension of Romania – Tajikistan relation.

Solid discussion on economy, culture and political agenda create a new framework and the Romanian side expressed, at the end of the visit of Ambassador Soliev , the desire for a continuity in this fruitful dialogue and for new ways according with the concepts of XXI century diplomacy to develop the bilateral relation.

ROMANIA – TAJIKISTAN : O RELATIE IN PLINA AFIRMARE

In perioada 25-26 iulie 2011 Inaltul Reprezentant al Tajikistanului la Uniunea Europeana si NATO , ambasador Soliev Rustamjon Abdulloevich, a efectuat o vizita de lucru in Romania la invitatia Profesorului Anton Caragea , Directorul Institutului de Relatii Internationale si Cooperare Economica pentru a oferi un nou suflu relatiei bilaterale si a oferii noi dimensiuni economice, politice si culturale dialogului intre Tajikistan si Romania.

E.S. Soliev Rustamjon Abdulloevich – Ambasadorul  Tajikistan-ului la Uniunea Europeana si NATO

In cadrul vizitei ambasadorului Soliev o atentie speciala a fost dedicata relansarii relatiilor economice intre cele doua tari.

Ambasadorul Tajikistanului a avut intrevederi la Camera de Comert a Romaniei , Camera de Comert a Uniunii Europene- reprezentanta in Romania , Agentia de Investitii si Cooperare Economica, Ministerul Economiei si alte oficialitati economice.

Partile au exprimat dorinta, impartasita, a relansarii relatiei bilaterale prin asigurarea investitiilor , dezvoltarea schimburilor si a turismului.

Partea romana si-a exprimat dorinta , in acord cu vederile partii tajice, sa aiba in acest an un Forum Economic Romania – Tajikistan  si sa obtina investitii din Tajikistan in sectorul turistic si sa aiba oferte concrete de investitii in proiecte din Tajikistan.

In intalnirile avute de ambasadorul Soliev cu oficiali din domeniul energiei, Romania si-a oferit expertiza tehnica in refacerea sectorului energetic din Tajikistan si si-a exprimat interesul pentru participarea la programe de exploatare a energiilor neconventionale ( solare si a vantului ) din Tajikistan.

In cadrul intrevederilor Ambasadorul Soliev Rustamjon a primit felicitari oficiale pentru nominalizarea Presedintelui Tajikistanului pentru prestigiosul premiu european de Lider al Secolului XXI , partea romana subliniind ca acordarea acestui prestigios premiu este o noua expresie a pozitiei de putere si prestigiu de care Tajikistanul se bucura in lume in acest moment si totodata un imbold pentru investitori si oamenii de afaceri pentru a adanci relatiile de cooperare cu Tajikistanul.

Ambasadorul Soliev felicitat de universitarii europeni .

Intr-o intalnire speciala la Centrul din Bucuresti al Consiliului European pentru Relatii Internationale , Ambasadorul  Soliev Rustamjon Abdulloevich a prezentat inaintea unei  audiente selecte de academicieni, oameni politici, diplomati si oameni de afaceri un raport despre dezvoltarea Tajikistanului astazi  .

Raportul s-a bazat pe lucrarea fundamentala : ARTA SI MESTESUGURILE DIN TAJIKISTAN DE A LUNGUL SECOLELOR de   Hamrokhon Zarifi , Ministrul Afacerilor Externe al Tajikistanului   si-a pus in evidenta bogatiile culturale si de traditii ale tarii.

De la Alexandru Macedon la Drumul Matasii si pana la reformele economice si sociale din Tajikistanul de astazi ascultatorii au avut o imagine completa a Tajikistanului dupa raportul Ambasadorului Soliev.

In audienta oficiala acordata de prof.dr.Anton Caragea  ambasadorului Soliev partile si-au exprimat determinarea de a dezvolta relatiile cuturale si academice ,  de a creea un cadru de dialog politic si cultural si de a organiza in viitorul apropiat o expozitie : TAJIKISTANUL IN INIMA DRUMULUI MATASII , pe baza obiectelor de arta prezentate in lucrarea Ministrului Afacerilor Externe al Tajikistanului, Hamrokhon Zarifi .

Partile au convenit totodata asupra unui calendar de consultari mutuale si asupra unor noi cai de dezvoltare a relatiilor intre Uniunea Europeana- Romania- Tajikistan.

Dimensiunea culturala a relatiei bilaterale Romania- Tajikistan a fost subliniata in intalnirile la ministerul culturii si in vizitarea celui mai vechi parc etnografic  din Estul Europei : Muzeul Satului.

Se poate aprecia ca vizita de doua zile a reusit sa ofere un nou suflu relatiei Tajikistan – Romania.

Discutiile solide pe teme economice, politice si culturale au creat o noua dimensiune a relatiei   bilaterale si partea romana a exprimat, la finalul vizitei Ambasadorului Soliev, dorinta de a continua acest dialog fructuos , in noile conditii ale diplomatiei de secol XXI, pentru a dezvolta relatia bilaterala.